Where to Start - In the beginning...

These are a lot of questions and to answer them fully would take a lifetime. So where should I start?

Well lets start from the beginning.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth." Gen 1:1

In the Gospel of John he writes:

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made." John 1:1-3

So according to the Apostle John, Jesus is God.

Does anyone else in the Bible think that Jesus is God?
John the Baptist Believed that Jesus is God. When the priests and Levites from Jerusalem ask John who John was he denied that he was the Christ (or Messiah) and said that he was "The voice of one crying in the wilderness: Make straight the way of the Lord, as the prophet Isaiah said" John 1:23.

Well you say that doesn't prove anything, he only called Jesus Lord, not God. But, if you look back in Isaiah to see who he was talking about, we see the following passages:

"The voice of one crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord; Make straight in the desert A highway for our God. Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain: And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see [it] together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken [it]. The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh [is] grass, and all thegoodliness thereof [is] as the flower of the field: The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people [is] grass. The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever." Isaiah 40:3-8

So now we see that Isaiah was referring to God in this passage that John referenced. Also we see in the last verse from Isaiah, that I just quoted, where Isaiah talks about the word of God standing forever, it reminds me of the earlier verse that I quoted from John 1:1-3 where John talks about the Word being God. John 1:14 also says:

"And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth."